Ex. No. 10.                                         Study of Smut fungi

Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Fungi, Phylum: Basidiomycota, Class: Ustilaginomycetes, Order: Ustilaginales; Family: Ustilaginiaceae

Smut  – Infected grains are converted into black coloured powdery mass of spores

Disease name	Causal Organism
Wheat loose smut  (Internally seed borne)	Ustilago nuda  tritici
Onion smut	Urocystis  cepulae
Sugar cane whip smut	Ustilago scitaminea (Whip like structure)
Cumbu smut	Tolyposporium penicillariae (Moesziomyces)
Sorghum smut	Sphacelotheca sorghi

Bunt: Infected grains are converted into black coloured powdery (bunt) mass of spores (Local Pronunciation)

Disease name	Causal Organism	Character
Wheat Karnal bunt   (Mitra, 1931)	Neovassia indica (Tilletia indica)	Karnal bunt infected fields are producing odour of rotten fish due to Trimethylamine
Rice kernel smut	Neovossia horrida
Rough spored bunt (Stinking smut)	Tilletia caries
Smooth spored bunt	Tilletia foetida

Study of Wheat loose smut life cycle

            Host                       :         Wheat

            Causal organism    :         Ustilago nuda tritici 

The smut spores are minute, olive brown, oval shape. On maturity two opposite strand nucleus are fusion and formed the diploid nucleus. Through Anemochory or insects, they smut spores are infect the stigma (flowers) and producing basidia.