Ex. No. 7                      Study of Sac/ Crown fungi

   New classification: Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Fungi, Phylum: Ascomycota, Class: Leotiomycetes, Order: Erysiphales, Family:  

    Erysiphaceae

Disease name	Causal Organism		Symptoms
Pulses powdery mildew / White mildew	Erysiphe polygoni		White colour powdery growth appear on upper surface of the leaves (talcum powder like growth). Erysiphe produced globular type of Haustoria
Wheat powdery mildew	Blumeria  graminis f.sp. tritici			White colour powdery growth appear on upper surface of the leaves. Blumeria produced digitate type of Haustoria
Cucurbits powdery mildew	Erysiphe cichoracearum / Sphaerotheca  fuliginea			White colour powdery growth appear on upper/ both surface of the leaves. Sphaerotheca fuliginea produced forked appressoria. Erysiphe produced lobed appressoria.
Grapes powdery mildew	Uncinula necator / Oidium tuckeri			White colour powdery growths appear on upper surface of the leaves. Fruit infection: Cracks are formed
Mango powdery mildew	Oidium mangiferae / Pseudoidium anacardii			White colour powdery growths appear on upper surface of the leaves.
Rose powdery mildew	Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae Podosphaera pannosa				White colour powdery growths appear on upper surface of the leaves.
Chilli, Red gram powdery mildew	Leveillula taurica / Oidiopsis taurica			White colour mycelial (powdery) growth appear on lower/ under / abaxial surface of the leaves
Apple powdery mildew	Podosphaera leucotricha			White colour mycelial growth appear on lower surface of the leaves
Mulberry powdery mildew	Phyllactinia corylea			White colour powdery growth appear on both surface of the leaves
Powdery mildew of Lilac	Microsphaera syringae
Powdery mildew of Arabidopsis		Golovinomyces orontii

Taphrinaceae

New classification: Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Fungi, Phylum: Ascomycota, Sub division: Taphrinomycotina, Class: Taphrinomycetes, Order: Taphrinales, Family: Taphrinaceae, Genus: Taphrina Species: deformans

Disease name	Causal Organism		Symptoms
Peach leaf curl	Taphrina deformans		Purple colour developed in the affected area and leaf curl downwards. Later the affected area covered by grayish bloom due to sporulation of the pathogen (Asexual reproduction through Budding process)
Turmeric leaf blotch	Taphrina maculans		Rectangular spots along the veins
Witches broom of cherries		Taphrina epiphylla

Clavicipitaceae

New classification: Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Fungi, Phylum: Ascomycota, Class: Sordariomycetes, Order: Hypocreales, Family: Clavicipitaceae, Genus: Claviceps Species: fusiformis

Disease name	Causal Organism	Symptoms
Cumbu ergot disease or Honey dew disease or Sugary disease	Claviceps fusiformis /                   (C. microcephala) Sphacelia fusiformis	Infected florets or spikelets are producing honey dew like substances. Later on sclerotia are produced. (Drug of the century producing fungus, LSD- Lysergic acid Diethylamide) (Aflatoxin – Ergotoxin – St. Anthony’s fire)

    Dothidiaceae

Disease name	Causal Organism	Symptoms
Sooty mould of Mango or Black mildew	Capnodium mangiferae (Insect fungus associated disease, the disease is not act as a parasite)	The fungus produces black coloured mycelium which is usually superficial and dark, grows on the leaves, flowers and fruits (Insect fungus associated disease, the disease is not act as a parasite – Hyphopodium)

Venturiaceae

New classification: Domain: Eukarya, Kingdom: Fungi, Phylum: Ascomycota, Class: Dothideomycetes, Order: Venturiales, Family: Venturiaceae, Genus : Venturia Species: inaequalis

Disease name	Causal Organism	Symptoms
Apple Scab or Black spot (Hemibiotroph)	Venturia  inaequalis Spilocea pomi	Depressed spots with dark brown to black velvety surface on lower surface. Fruits show black circular lesions on the skin

Three types of powdery mildew

Description	Oidium	Oidiopsis	Ovulariopsis
Mycelium	Hyaline, septate, Ectophytic	Hyaline, Septate, Enodphytic	Hyaline, Septate, Ecto and Endophytic
Haustoria	Present in epidermis	Present in epidermis and spongy cells	Epidermal haustoria absent
Conidiophore	Club shaped, non Septate	long branched Septate	Long single branched Septate hyphae
Conidia	Cylindrical shaped in chains	single celled, club shaped	single celled, clavate
Host	wheat, pulses	Red gram, chilli, castor	Mulberry
Cleistothecia	Myceloid appendage	Myceloid appendage	Bulbous appendage

			Ex. Sphaerotheca

 

Many ascus

Single ascus

                                                        

 

Ex. Microsphaera

Dichotomously branched

Ex. Uncinula

Circinoid

Ex. Erysiphe , Leveillula

Myceloid

Phyllactinia

Bulbous

Types of Cleistothecium